Hash libraries for C Programmers

This page lists a collection of libraries that will help you in programming in C. Libraries here are open source and used to help you store data, without having to roll your own linked list etc data structures. uthash Developed by Troy D. Hanson, any C structure can be stored in a hash table using uthash. Just include #include uthash.h then add a UT_hash_handle to the structure and choose one or more fields in your structure to act as the key. Then use HASH_ADD_INT, HASH_FIND_INT and macros to store, retrieve or delete items from the hash table. It uses int, string and binary keys. Judy Judy is a C library that implements a sparse dynamic array. Judy arrays are declared simply with a null pointer and consume  memory only when populated. They can grow to use all available memory if desired. Judys key benefits are scalability, high performance, and memory efficiency. It can be used for dynamically sized arrays, associative arrays or a simple-to-use interface that requires no rework for expansion or contraction and can replace many common data structures, such as arrays, sparse arrays, hash tables, B-trees, binary trees, linear lists, skiplists, other sort and search algorithms, and counting functions. SGLIB SGLIB is short for  Simple Generic Library and consists of a single header file sglib.h that provides generic implementation of most common algorithms for arrays, lists, sorted lists and red-black trees. The library is generic and it does not define its own data structures. Rather it acts on existing user-defined data structures via a generic interface. It also does not allocate or deallocate any memory and does not depend on any particular memory management. All algorithms are implemented in form of macros parametrized by the type of data structure and comparator function (or comparator macro). Several further generic parameters such as the name of next field for linked lists may be required for some algorithms and data structures.

The Different Branches of Yoga Essay - 750 Words

The Different Branches of Yoga In ancient times yoga reffered to as a tree, a living thing with roots, a trunk, branches, blossoms, and fruit. Hatha yoga is one of six branches; the others include raja, karma, bhakti, jnana, and tantra yoga. Each branch have its own characteristics and function represents a particular approach to life. Some people may find one particular branch more better than another. However, it is important to note that involvement in one of these paths don’t preclude activity in any of the others, and in fact you’ll find many paths naturally overlapping. Raja yoga means royal yoga, raja means royal and meditation if the focal point of this branch of yoga. This approach†¦show more content†¦The path of bhakti provide us with an opportunity to cultivate acceptance and tolerance for everyone we come into contact with. Jnana yoga, if we take bhakti yoga as heart than jnana yoga is yoga of mind. The approach for this yoga is most difficult but its most direct. It requires serious study with in the context of our western religious traditions, kabalistic scholars, Jesuit priests, and Benedictine monks epitomize jnana yogis. Tantra yoga is probably the most misunderstood yoga. This is the sixth branch of yoga which includes consecrated sexuality. You may already involve in one or more of these branches. Or maybe already a hatha yogi or yogini practicing posture with a teacher or by yourself. For example if u r helping volunteer for aids patient u r already in karma yoga. So these were the different branches of yoga so now I will go ahead and explain different types of yoga which as follows: One who follows the path of yoga is yogi or yogin. There are many different types of yoga. Ananda yoga, anusara, ashtanqa yoga, buckram yoga, integral yoga, Iyengar yoga, Kripalu yoga, Kundalini yoga, power yoga Sivananda yoga, viniyoga. Iyengar yoga is the mostly common yoga, was created by B.K.S. Iyengar, this yoga sometimes called furniture yoga because it take can take place on cusions, benches, wood blocks, straps andShow MoreRelatedThe Brahma Kumaris Meditation Center963 Words   |  4 PagesHindu religion. In class we I learned about the different types of yoga that is practiced in Hinduism. Jhana yoga, Bhakti yoga, Karma yoga, and Raja yoga are the different types of yoga practiced and I had some sort of understanding on what I would possibly see in the meditation session. I did some research on what the Brahma Kumaris meditation center was about and their main goal. In the Brahma Kumaris meditation center they focus on specifically raja yoga and focusing on self reflection and positivityRead MoreHinduism : An Influential Aspect Of Lifestyle1049 Words   |  5 Pagesthat shaped it in one way or another. Hinduism is what it is due to the reforms such as the British colonization, the diaspora of Hindu com munities, and historical context. 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References 6 INTRODUCTION Customer service is the provision of service to customersRead MoreHinduism and Budhism: Two of the World ´s Largest Religions1201 Words   |  5 PagesAsian belief systems are very different from traditional western belief systems in ways of their origins, practices and philosophy.(Chen) What is it that makes these Asian religions different from western religions? What is similar and different in Buddhism and Hinduism, and what makes them so unique in history and practice? Hinduism and Buddhism share very similar base belief systems. They both have the same basic foundations of Reincarnation, Karma, meditation, yoga and a focus on the soul.(Chen)Read MoreStephen Prothero s God Is Not One Essay1589 Words   |  7 PagesStephen Prothero’s â€Å"God Is Not One† is a survey of world religions, comprising vital information on a vast array of different sets of belief. As someone who has never studied religion before, nor belongs to a particular faith, the variability within these religions is staggering. One might be satisfied to define religion as â€Å"how a person goes about believing in God,† but soon finds that even that definition has its holes. Thankfully, â€Å"God Is Not One† does an amazing job of cluing its reader intoRead MoreEssay On Self Reflection958 Words   |  4 Pagesthe theme of self-image. Throughout the process of experimenting with different types of paint, I decided to work closely with watercolour as it was a media that I found enjoyable. I aimed for an experience where I developed the knowledge of working with watercolour, which became more realistic through researching the artists, John Lovett, Roisin Cure and David Stickel. Through investigating, it was explored how the use of different techniques such as; using bright colours, can cause the viewer to haveRead MoreThe Origins Of Yoga, And Yogic Practices1957 Words   |  8 PagesYoga has influenced the entire range of Indian culture and is considered an all- pervading as well. When learning about yoga, one may ask what exactly is Yoga and where does it come from? It is a very difficult question to ask considering it has several spectrums you can touch upon to expand and summarize. You have Yoga’s many branches that are scattered amongst India that include the spirituality, religious and physical aspects. To grasp Yoga’s wide range that it has to offer it is best to break

Motor and Controls free essay sample

Once the proper motor is selected, understanding the many various control devices available and their uses and limitations becomes an important part related to reliable operation and protection of the motor and the personnel using the motor. Motor Control Topics There are four major motor control topics or categories to consider. Each of these has several subcategories and sometimes the subcategories overlap to some extent. Certain pieces of motor control equipment can accomplish multiple functions from each of the topics or categories. The four categories include: 1) Starting the Motor Disconnecting Means Across the Line Starting Reduced Voltage Starting 2) Motor Protection Overcurrent Protection Overload Protection Other Protection (voltage, phase, etc) Environment 3) Stopping the Motor Coasting Electrical Braking Mechanical Braking 4) Motor Operational Control Speed Control Reversing Jogging Sequence Control †¢ An understanding of each of these areas is necessary to effectively apply motor control principles and equipment to effectively operate and protect a motor. We will write a custom essay sample on Motor and Controls or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page All motors must have a control device to start and stop the motor called a â€Å"motor controller†. Motor Controller A motor controller is the actual device that energizes and de-energizes the circuit to the motor so that it can start and stop. †¢ Motor controllers may include some or all of the following motor control functions: S S starting, stopping, over-current protection, overload protection, reversing, speed changing, jogging, plugging, sequence control, and pilot light indication. Controllers range from simple to complex and can provide control for one motor, groups of motors, or auxiliary equipment such as brakes, clutches, solenoids, heaters, or other signals. Motor Starter The starting mechanism that energizes the circuit to an induction motor is called the â€Å"starter† and must supply the motor with sufficient current to provide adequate starting torque under worst case line voltage and load conditions when the motor is energized. †¢ There are several different types of equipment suitable for use as â€Å"motor starters† but only two types of starting methods for induction motors. Across the Line Starting Reduced Voltage Starting Across the Line Starting of Motors Across the Line starting connects the motor windings/terminals directly to the circuit voltage â€Å"across the line† for a â€Å"full voltage start†. †¢ †¢ This is the simplest method of starting a motor. (And usually the least expensive). Motors connected across the line are capable of drawing full in-rush current and developing maximum starting torque to accelerate the load to speed in the shortest possible time. All NEMA induction motors up to 200 horsepower, and many larger ones, can withstand full voltage starts. The electric distribution system or processing operation may not though, even if the motor will). †¢ Across the Line Starters 2 There are two different types of common â€Å"across the line† starters including 1. Manual Motor Starters 2. Magnetic Motor Starters Manual Motor Starters A manual motor starter is package consisting of a horsepower rated switch with one set of contacts for each phase and corresponding thermal overload devices to provide motor overload protection. †¢ †¢ †¢ The main advantage of a manual motor starter is lower cost than a magnetic motor starter with equivalent motor protection but less motor control capability. Manual motor starters are often used for smaller motors typically fractional horsepower motors but the National Electrical Code allows their use up to 10 Horsepower. Since the switch contacts remain closed if power is removed from the circuit without operating the switch, the motor restarts when power is reapplied which can be a safety concern. They do not allow the use of remote control or auxiliary control equipment like a magnetic starter does. †¢ Figure 26. Manual Starter Magnetic Motor Starters A magnetic motor starter is a package consisting of a contactor capable of opening and closing a set 3  of contacts that energize and de-energize the circuit to the motor along with additional motor overload protection equipment. C †¢ Magnetic starters are used with larger motors (required above 10 horsepower) or where greater motor control is desired. The main element of the magnetic motor starter is the contactor, a set of contacts operated by an electromagnetic coil. S S E nergizing the coil causes the contacts (A) to close allowing large currents to be initiated and interrupted by a smaller voltage control signal. The control voltage need not be the same as the motor supply voltage and is often low voltage allowing start/stop controls to be located remotely from the power circuit. Figure 27. Magnetic Starter †¢ Closing the Start button contact energizes the contactor coil. An auxiliary contact on the contactor is wired to seal in the coil circuit. The contactor de-energizes if the control circuit is interrupted, the Stop button is operated, or if power is lost. The overload contacts are arranged so an overload trip on any phase will cause the contactor to open and de-energize all phases. †¢ Reduced Voltage Starting of Motors Reduced Voltage Starting connects the motor windings/terminals at lower than normal line voltage during the initial starting period to reduce the inrush current when the motor starts. 4 †¢ Reduced voltage starting may be required when: S S The current in-rush form the motor starting adversely affects the voltage drop on the electrical system. needed to reduce the mechanical â€Å"starting shock† on drive-lines and equipment when the motor starts. †¢ †¢ Reducing the voltage reduces the current in-rush to the motor and also reduces the starting torque available when the motor starts.

Success key of Walmart free essay sample

The goal of Walmart is to provide customers with high-quality goods at low everyday pricing. To achieving this goal, Walmart adopted several strategies. Walmart’s winning strategy is based on low cost, which relies on a logistics technique known as cross docking. Using cross docking, Walmart is able to received goods on one side while simultaneously filling orders on the other. This strategy reduced Walmart’s costs significantly since it reduces inventory holding costs through reduced storage times and potentially eliminating the need to retain safety stock. Eventually, they passed those savings on to their customers with highly competitive pricing. The second strategy adopted by Walmart is to avoid being dependent on any one supplier, which decreases its exposure to many risks and guarantees abundant sources of products. Having single suppliers brings a lot of disadvantages. Firstly, you will have lesser negotiating leverage if you become dependent on a single supplier who supplies your needs. We will write a custom essay sample on Success key of Walmart or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page And then there is the issue of complacency, the supplier may become complacent because they know that you cannot find a better supplier than them. Walmart builds strong and collaborative relationship with nearly 3000 goods suppliers, including Johnson Johnson and ProctorGamble. These suppliers provide Walmart with high-quality products. Electronic â€Å"hook ups† and latest supply chain technology like RFID improve supply chain efficiency. The third strategy is to take up large market share in the world. By 2005, it held an 8. 9% retail store market share in the United States, 3700 stores in the United States and more than 1600 units in other countries of the world. In some degree, market share drives market perception of one’s business, and market perception is the prerequisites for growth of a business. A low or falling market share leads potential customers or employees to believe that there is something wrong with the business. On the contrary, a high or growing market share lead people to believe that the business is good and they are likely to become parts of it. Walmart encourages managers to work effectively and efficiently. It required managers to fill out â€Å"best yesterday† legers, which are forms tracking daily sales performance to ensure operational efficiency. It gives managers incentive to be accountable and creative by offering profit sharing, incentive bonus, a discount stock purchase plan, pay raise based on performance and other benefit plans. Finally, it has good communication among all stores around the world. A satellite network system allows information to be shared among these stores and suppliers. Data from over 5,300 individual stores on items are collected, analyze, and transmitted electronically on a real-time basis. This information helps company to reduce the likelihood of stock-outs, maximize inventory turnover and improve operational efficiency.

1800s Social Work Essays

1800s Social Work Essays 1800s Social Work Essay 1800s Social Work Essay Nineteenth century America was a time of urbanization, industrialization, immigration, overcrowding and as a result, poverty. During this time, social policy was relatively non-existent and financial assistance was the sole responsibility of private or public charities. Women did not have rights or economic independence, as they were typically considered the property of their husbands. During this time, a woman with three children who was abandoned by her husband would receive little or no financial assistance; she may fall under the category of the â€Å"unworthy† poor, as she was not a widow, elderly or physically disabled. The assistance of this women may have changed from the early to late nineteenth century, as feminists such as Elizabeth Cady Stanton began to advocate for social reform, and others such as Jane Adams became concerned with the social well being of women. From the beginning to late 1800’s some social reform took place and the federal government began to implement various programs and institutions to assist in the financial well being of the poor. Early 1800’s During the early 1800’s, there weren’t any significant federal programs aimed at assisting the poor. Financial aid was allocated as the responsibility of the local community, local government, or religious charity. People were expected to work and take care of their families unless they were elderly, sick or widowed; these were labeled the â€Å"worthy† poor in need of assistance. Women were the â€Å"property† if their husbands and typically performed work inside of the home to contribute to the financial well being of the family. They were responsible for the production of cloth, clothing and shoes. Additionally, there weren’t any limitations on the working hours, wages or conditions for women and children. During this time, a mother of three abandoned by her husband would have received little or no assistance. She would not fall under the classification of the â€Å"worthy† poor, as she was not a widow, elderly or sick. It is possible that her or her children would work in mills under dangerous conditions and long hours, if her children were over the age of three; child labor was prevalent during this time period. If a white woman was unable to financially support her children, they may become apprentices to families who can support them. This served as an educational opportunity for children to learn a trade. Collectively, an able bodied poor person, such as an abandoned woman was deemed â€Å"lazy and sinful† and may have been sent to a workhouse through enforced labor. As the nineteenth century progressed, industrialization spurred the continued migration to urban cities in search of training and work; this led to overcrowding and poverty. Poverty was primarily blamed on the individual. If a woman with three children needed assistance, any community organizations of the time would assume that the problem was intra-psychic and there was a moral deficiency. To address this concern, middle class reformers felt that the betterment of cities could be achieved through moral reconstitution of individuals and families. Several â€Å"moral building† organizations were created; the New York Association for Improving the conditions of the Poor was established in 1843. Male volunteers would offer religious teachings, work to get the poor to abstain from alcohol, become more self-disciplined and acquire the Protestant Work Ethic. As a result, a woman abandoned by her husband would receive moral teachings in her home rather than any financial assistance. Mid 1800’s Towards the 1840’s, advocates of social reform began to voice their concerns regarding poverty. Dorothea Dix spoke of the need for separate facilities for adult offenders, juveniles and the mentally ill. She also suggested that the Federal government be responsible for the mentally ill and provide them with treatment through hospitalization. In 1845, the first state asylum for the mentally ill was established in Trenton New Jersey. In 1848 she proposed that the federal government give financial assistance to states to build hospitals for the mentally ill and the legislation was passed. However, in 1854 the legislation was vetoed and welfare responsibility was returned to the states. Also in 1848, feminists such as Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton convened at the Seneca Falls Convention to declare a goal of equal rights and opportunity in education, employment and legal rights. This would challenge the limited opportunities that existed for an abandoned mother of three. She would have been limited in her education, employment opportunities and political standing. Towards the middle of the century, education increased and the views regarding children’s needs began to change. In an effort to provide education and shelter to needy children, Charles Loring Brace founded the Children’s Aid Society in 1853 New York. He felt that the urban environment was dangerous to children due to crime and delinquency. This organization could have given devastating consequences to an abandoned woman with three children because it was the elementary form of modern foster care. The Children’s Aid Society would remove children from families who could not provide â€Å"proper care† for their children. They would then transport these children to families in rural areas in an effort to provide opportunities in a new, â€Å"safer† environment. A woman deserted by her husband could have very easily been considered and unfit parent, as she requested financial assistance from her counterparts. During this time period, she would be in danger of having her children taken from her care and given to an unfamiliar family where she would no longer be able to contact them. The Children’s Aid Society transported over 50,000 children in a period of 25 years; these children typically became runaways. In 1864, Frederic Le Play completed the first scientific study of poverty; he investigated its causes, consequences and possible solutions. This study may have provided evidence that poverty is not the sole blame of the individual. After the time of the Civil War, 1861-65, the political climate called for a need of health services for the wounded soldiers, as well as the families of the deceased. Many slaves were freed but lacked any education, health care or employment opportunities. Due to this deficiency, the federal government began to take responsibility for the people. In 1865, the Freedman’s Bureau was established; it was the first federal welfare agency and provided health care, education, housing for the freed slaves. In1872, the Bureau ended because the Federal government did not want to facilitate welfare. Late 1800’s Towards the late nineteenth century, ideas of Social Darwinism began to influence society. It was believed those able to work would thrive and live successfully whereas those who weren’t would fail and perish; it was survival of the fittest and intervention for the poor was felt to go against nature. For this reason, financial assistance was not provided to the needy. Middle class reformers continued to assume individual flaws caused poverty. Lack of morals continued to be blamed for the conditions of the poor. However, people began to understand that certain environmental factors were responsible as well and felt that the poor needed some guidance. In 1877, Reverend Steven Gurteen established the first Charity Organization Society in Buffalo, NY, in an effort to serve as an organizing body for all private charities. This organization developed a list of the poor served in their communities so that each person would be limited to services from one charity. In this case, the woman with three children would not be able to reach out to more than one private charity, as her services were recorded. This woman would receive services from the â€Å"friendly visitor†. This was typically a middle-class female volunteer who would visit the home to investigate the living conditions and reasons for poverty. The â€Å"friendly visitor† would come to the home of the woman, inquire about the reasons for which her husband deserted her and teach her about the moral values of the middle class. The goal was to â€Å"fix† the immoral environment so that the woman would be able to uplift herself from circumstance and become able to adequately care for her home and children. She would be given advice on how to correct her problems. Additionally, they would record information about the woman and return it to their agency to better understand life in the slum. The â€Å"friendly visitors† seldom had knowledge or experience with the poor, which caused a huge, disconnect between them and their clients; often the clients suffered from decreased self-esteem. By 1890, there were 4,000 practicing â€Å"friendly visitors†. The recording practices of the visitors led to a better understanding of poverty and its causes. It became understood that the sole responsibility does not fall on the individual. By the end of the 19th century, immigration increased and overcrowding was at its peak. There was a deficit in housing and education. In response, the first settlement house, the Neighborhood Guild, was opened in New York in 1886. In 1889, Jane Adams and Ellen Gates Starr opened the most influential settlement house, known as Hull House. This would have been the first helpful opportunity presented to a mother of three who was deserted by her husband. At Hull House, she would be given a home to live in without the cost of rent. The residents at Hull House were primarily women and immigrants. â€Å"In 1891, Florence Kelley Wischnewetzky was fleeing from her husband and seeking refuge for herself and her three children, ages six, five, and four. ‘We were welcomed as though we had been invited,’ she wrote thirty-five years later in her memoirs†¦Jane Adams supplied Kelley with room, board and employment. † Hull house provided families with daycare and kindergarten services, education and training for residents, culture nights to become familiar with various cultures, a library and entertainment. Additionally, women in settlement houses worked to advocate for housing, public health care and improved working conditions for men, women and children. The Hull House residents conducted campaigns, which led to the passing of legislature, which mandated an eight-hour workday for women and children in Illinois. As knowledge of the poor grew through work in the settlement houses and friendly visitors, a growing need for a formal education was presented. In 1898 the first school for social workers was established, The New York School of Philanthropy (Columbia University). Conclusion In the 1800s, a woman with three children deserted by her husband would have faced many hardships in obtaining any financial assistance. Social welfare and charity were the responsibility of the community and the needy were distinguished based on their â€Å"worthiness†. Able-bodied unemployed people were considered unworthy and sinful. For this reason, moral teaching was the primary means of relief. However, as the 19th century progressed and urbanization led to an increase in poverty, social reformers such as Jane Addams began to take notice and advocated for the need to assist immigrants in obtaining housing, heath care, and employment. Throughout the century, the federal government assumed some responsibility for the welfare of the people, as in the Freedman’s Bureau but would abruptly re-delegate the responsibility to the states. However, the creation of the Charity Organization Society demonstrated that social welfare relief was evolving to become an increasingly centralized institution. The 1890’s settlement movement would be the first major form of assistance for a deserted mother of three, where she would be able to obtain much needed services for her and her children.

Capital Punishment Vs. Life Inprisonment essays

Capital Punishment Vs. Life Inprisonment essays What is more effective: capital punishment or life imprisonment? I chose the topic because from my list of options it appeared to be the most interesting and challenging. I also felt that it related well to current topics and controversies in todays society. It was very easy to find information on capital punishment, while it was a small challenge to find thorough information on life imprisonment. It seems as though, most critics are willing to express their views on capital punishment, but not on its alternatives. Before researching the backgrounds and uses of capital punishment and life imprisonment, I did not have a very strong opinion or viewpoint on the topic. I have never truly been for or against the use of capital punishment. Up to this point in time I have been unable to form a good opinion because I have never obtained enough knowledge of the subject. Recently, after my large study of both options, I have formed an opinion, I believe that capital punishment is more effective than life imprisonment as a permanent punishment for a criminal who has committed serious crimes. Capital punishment has a long history. The use of capital punishment dates all the way back to 2000 BC. People were put to death for crimes ranging all the way from murder down to petty theft. Today our society is said to have the most humane way of executing prisoners, lethal injection. Our countries past use of electrocution and gas chambers were even humane when compared to the methods of execution of the past. Which included being hanged, beheaded, stoned, stretched on racks, pressed to death with weights, cut into pieces, disemboweled, torn to pieces by horses, consumed by lions, burned alive, drowned, crucified and shot (Horwitz 13). In early civilizations punishment by death was used evenly at almost all times, therefore making it a good deterrent. Today however, the use of capital punishment is not meted out as evenly. Some...

Fire scince Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Fire scince - Assignment Example A chemical called alum ware poured on suspended particles. Hippocratic sleeve were later discovered by Hippocrates at around 500BC which they referred it to as the healing powers. The main thing done here was sieving of dirty water to obtain clean one. The first bag for filtering water was introduced during this era. The bag could hold sediments that make water dirty making people to be able to fetch clean water for consumption. Several discoveries were made and by middle Stone Age period, clean water supply was not difficult like before. Scientific discoveries had not been invented in during this time, but people had made significant improvements towards realizing them. The process of treating water is not as complex as it is feared. Companies’ responsible collects water from all sources in and around the cities treats them and sells them back for use. People use water daily for different reasons, once through with them, they dispose to drainage systems. This is the major source of water for these companies. Rivers, rain water among others are among other sources of water for treatment. They usually collect amount which is adequate for the entire population to avoid shortages in the cities. Water is a major component of most of the thing done by a man in his life. It ranges from household, recreational, industrial, environmental and agricultural among other uses. It is found out that 8% of water in the world goes for household consumption. Water for cooking, drinking, bathing sanitation, gardening among others consumes this percentage. Peter Gleick estimated basic household need for water at 50 liters per day. Drinking and cooking water need clean water to avoid dangers of getting diseases, thus bringing the need for cleaning water through water service companies in any environment. Clean water is called portable water as they can be consumed at any moment without the risk of any infection. In most first world countries, water distributed to